This Article was originally published on The Conversation. A previous version stated that the 9th letter in the example DNA strand was an A. ![]() Mutagenesis has been a central tool for studying the genetics underlying biological traits, as phenotypic analysis of mutants provides a direct method to measure a gene’s contributions to biochemical, cellular, tissue and organ characteristics. ![]() Explanation: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The T-DNA insertion mutant libraries provide general access to alleles for gene functional studies. This article has been amended to correct an error. It contains all of the genetic information that the body needs to grow. Reading someone’s DNA allows doctors to spot and treat these diseases before they become too bad. This might cause some of your cells to not work properly.įor example, just one wrong letter in one particular gene might mean someone is more likely to become diabetic, or get cancer when they are older. Reading DNA is useful because sometimes the letters in the genes aren’t quite right, like a misspelled word in a set of instructions. By putting that all together, she can read the whole DNA sequence. She then does exactly the same thing with the other tubes and works out that the 1st and 6th letters are Ts, the 3rd, 4th and 9th letters are Cs and the 7th is a G. In the mammalian genome, DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involving the transfer of a methyl group onto the C5 position of the cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine. ACGT is an acronym for the four types of bases found in a DNA molecule: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). By doing this, she can work out that the 2nd, 5th and 8th letters are all As. When it is time for the cell to reproduce, they condense and wrap up very tightly. A molecule of DNA consists of two chains that are wrapped. She then counts how many pairs are in each strand of DNA. The nucleic acid chains usually sit around uncoiled as loose strands. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and it is the carrier of genetic information within a cell. The scientist reading the DNA knows that each strand in this tube ends in an A*.
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